108-62-3 - GKKDCARASOJPNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Metaldehyde [BSI:ISO] - Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information. Target organ effects In humans, the central nervous system appears to be the primary target organ for metaldehyde toxicity, since tremors, convulsions and memory loss are common findings in accidental or suicidal overexposures. According to Environmental Science, metaldehyde is a serious environmental pollutant. EDTA has been reported to have an oral mammalian toxicity of 30 mg kgÀ1 to rats (Tamm and Speiser, 2006) and mice (Safety Data for ETDA, 2008) compared with an oral toxicity of metaldehyde of 630 mg kgÀ1 to rats and 250-1000 mg kgÀ1 to dogs (Berg, 1986). Metaldehyde acts on slugs and snails by ingestion or absorption, irreversibly destroying their mucocytes; unlike in mollusks, metaldehyde acts in humans and carnivores after being absorbed as acetaldehyde from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream A. Toxicological Profile EPA has evaluated the available toxicity data and considered its validity, completeness, and reliability as well as the relationship of the results of the studies to human risk. Diagnosis may be confirmed via analysis of gastric . It may also cause lesions in kidneys and the liver following systemic distribution, as well as inflammation of the skin, eye, and mucous membranes of Data on the usage of metaldehyde on nonagricultural sites are limited, but usage is likely less than 50,000 pounds of active ingredient per year (lbs ai/year). The compound is highly toxic when inhaled and moderately toxic when ingested (Gupta 2012). Human poisoning can also occur, especially in children who accidentally ingest pellets, but such incidents are less common in human beings than in other animals. Metaldehyde is directly absorbed from the gastroin-testinal tract, but it is poorly soluble in water.8 The exact mechanism of action in mammals is unknown, but it is reported that gastric acidity promotes the hy-drolysis of metaldehyde to acetaldehyde.9 The old the-ory that acetaldehyde causes the agent's toxic effects Acetaldehyde is then oxidized to acetic acid. Takeshi Saito et al. Toxicity. Paraldehyde: ≤0.4%. Metaldehyde is a molluscicide for the control of slugs and snails. death, toxicity in humans remains uncommon and consequently poorly understood. The major target organs for metaldehyde toxicity include CNS, liver, kidney and lung. If poisoning occurs, obtain prompt medical aid. Animals that ingest metaldehyde may exhibit a variety of toxicological signs including vomiting, tachycardia, ataxia, tremors, seizures, coma and death (Dolder, 2003 ). Human studies demonstrated a plasma acephate half-life of 3-7 hours (IPCS, 2002). * Metaldehyde can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. A. Animals that ingest metaldehyde may exhibit a variety of toxicological signs including vomiting, tachycardia, ataxia, tremors, seizures, and death (Dobler, 2003 ). About 11,000 lbs ai/year is used on Metaldehyde poisoning after ingestion of a molluscicide most frequently affects dogs and cats. PubMed:Poisoning of animals in the Los Angeles area with pesticides during 1977. As may be expected from this use of the agent, it is easily absorbed from the lungs, gastrointestinal tract and skin in decreasing order of efficacy. Minimum oral lethal dose metaldehyde. Organ toxicity:Metaldehyde or its breakdown byproducts, 'metabolites,' may cause problems in the central nervous system by an unknown mechanism [8,185]. Mouse: LD 50 oral: 200 . Keep granules away from dogs and pets. Metaldehyde is toxic to humans as well. Upon dermal contact, metaldehyde may cause irritation. Metaldehyde is known to be fatally poisonous to dogs & wildlife even in the weak (4%) mixes sold as slug poison. 1 Introduction Metaldehyde is a cyclic tetramer of acetaldehyde ( Fig. Nicholas J Mills. Acetaldehyde is naturally present in the environment and is produced in the human body as a breakdown product of alcohol. Is metaldehyde poisonous to humans? * Exposure to Metaldehyde can cause irritability, sleepiness, fever, muscle twitching, convulsions, coma, and death. In case of ingestion, it is advised to get medical help immediately. cases of metaldehyde poisoning in humans are not common. Acute toxicity: Metaldehyde is slightly to moderately toxic by ingestion, with reported oral LD50 values of 227 to 690 mg/kg in rats, 207 mg/kg in cats, 100 to 1000 mg/kg in dogs, 200 mg/kg in mice, 175 to 700 mg/kg in guinea pigs, and 290 to 1250 mg/kg in rabbits. Although metaldehyde has low toxicity, cases of metaldehyde poisoning and death in both humans and animals have been reported 6,7,8. CLH REPORT FOR METALDEHYDE 7 Part A. H301 Toxic if swallowed. It's toxicity to pets and humans, especially children, seems to be on a par with the metaldehyde baits, as the reported dog poisonings makes clear. A child died after ingesting 3000 mg (approximately 75 to 100 mg/kg for a 30 to 40 kg child) of metaldehyde. Eye contact. Metaldehyde is also toxic to rats, other pets, and humans. The United States Environmental Protection Agency . Symptoms include: Anxiety Panting Drooling Twitching High fever Hypersalivating (drooling) Vomiting EPA's assessment of exposures and risks associated with metaldehyde follows. Metaldehyde is a common active ingredient in snail and slug baits that causes ataxia, tremors and sometimes seizures in dogs and cats. Dog: 100 mg/kg. Metaldehyde : ≥99%. Although it is highly irresponsible, many sources of gardening information continue to tout iron phosphate baits as completely safe for children, pets, and wildlife despite having no real proof that . Metaldehyde is mildly toxic to mammals, basically the same as acetaldehyde into which it converts on contact with moisture. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) re-registered metaldehyde as a 'restricted use pesticide' and required risk-reduction measures to be adopted due to the potential short-term and long . Target organ effects In humans, the central nervous system appears to be the primary target organ for metaldehyde toxicity, since tremors, convulsions and memory loss are common findings in accidental or suicidal overexposures. Eye contact. HUMAN HEALTH HAZARD EVALUATION RAC evaluation of acute toxicity Summary of the Dossier Submitter's proposal Information from humans Skin and eye irritation may result from exposure to this material ( 11 ). (2) Herein, we describe the unique case of a 46-year-old woman who developed a right-sided brachial plexopathy within a week of ingesting metaldehyde whilst attempting suicide. In humans, symptoms of metaldehyde poisoning include stomach cramps, sickness, diarrhoea, fever and convulsions - ultimately, the symptoms can terminate in coma and death. Metaldehyde is a good-effect and low toxicity pesticide for mollusc like snail and slug etc. Upon dermal contact, metaldehyde may cause irritation. Metaldehyde has a toxicity profile identical to that for acetaldehyde, being mildly toxic and a respiratory irritant at the 50 ppm level. * Metaldehyde may damage the liver and kidneys. PubMed:Metaldehyde: pet poisonings. DO NOT GET ON SKIN. Metaldehyde is a neurotoxin and exposure results in vomiting, tachycardia, tremors, seizures, and death. Each acts quite differently and has distinct advantages and disadvantages. * Contact can irritate the skin and eyes. What color are poisonous snails? In laboratory studies, metaldehyde is moderately toxic when ingested or inhaled, and only slightly toxic when it comes in contact with skin. Acephate produced altered sperm motility and counts in male mice, but reproductive toxicity was only seen in pregnant mice at doses that produced maternal toxicity (Farag et al., 2000a, 2000b). Keep granules away from dogs and pets. Metaldehyde, a cyclic tetramer of acetaldehyde, is a widely used molluscicide. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) re-registered metaldehyde as a 'restricted use pesticide' and required risk-reduction measures to be adopted due to the potential short-term and long . West J Med. See ACUTE ICITY, Eye contact. Extensive use of metaldehyde to combat agriculture pest creates environmental problems. Methods: Some representative Oncomelania snail environments of schistosomiasis endemic regions were selected as study areas in Heqing County, Yunnan Province and 26% MNSC and 50% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine . Accidental exposure to metaldehyde in dogs is considered rare, but severe. Monoamine oxidase, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and norepinephrine may also be involved in the toxic mechanism. To understand the treatment objectives and options in dogs with metaldehyde toxicity Support and Resource This online module contains fully interactive screens including a range of self-assessment questions leading to a printable certificate. • Clinical signs of acute exposure to metaldehyde include salivation, restlessness, panting, vomiting, ataxia, hyperthermia, and continuous convulsions. H330 Fatal if inhaled Precautionary . 18,19 although metaldehyde has a mild toxicity, in rare cases the clinical course of metaldehyde poisoning can be rapidly deteriorating health leading to death. Metaldehyde | C8H16O4 | CID 61021 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety . It may also cause lesions, inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, liver damage, and brain damage . Fate in Humans and Animals. * Metaldehyde can affect you when breathed in. HAZARDS TO HUMANS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS DO NOT TAKE INTERNALLY. Symptoms may also be delayed and later develop up to three hours after ingestion. In Asia, Climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) is commonly found in paddy fields and irrigation systems. Chemsrc provides Metaldehyde(CAS#:108-62-3) MSDS, density, melting point, boiling point, structure, formula, molecular weight etc. Metaldehyde is highly toxic by inhalation, moderately toxic by ingestion and slightly toxic by dermal absorption ( 16 ). It often leads to multiple organ failure and even death. Some pellets are even lethal to humans and can pollute Background: Metaldehyde is a toxic pesticide used mainly as a molluscicide, responsible for intoxication and deaths in both humans and animals. Then, are slug pellets harmful to humans? 20 ellenhorn and barceloux 21 reported that for minor effects to be observed several mg kg −1 of compound must be ingested and … While metaldehyde's toxicity on the CNS of small mammals has been established in preceding CAUTION: May be harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. Although metaldehyde has low toxicity, cases of metaldehyde poisoning and death in both humans and animals have been reported 6,7,8. Cow: 200 mg/kg. While 7 . By contrast, Iron phosphate is non-toxic to dogs or wild animals, & can be used legally even around commercial crops. Ingestion of metaldehyde converts it into acetaldehyde, which is a toxic chemical. The active ingredient, metaldehyde, has a short half-life in soil and is not considered harmful to the environment. Metaldehyde or its breakdown byproducts, 'metabolites,' may cause problems in the central nervous system by some unknown mechanism.
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